2.2.2+Databases+and+Spreadsheets

**2.2.2 Databases and spreadsheets**
 * =2.2.2 Databases and spreadsheets= ||

**//Social and ethical issues//**

Students must study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of databases and spreadsheets. These may include:
 *  privacy of information in different cultures


 *  rights of individuals with respect to the storage of personal data


 *  social consequences of outdated or incorrect data stored in databases


 *  social consequences of the release of sensitive data stored in databases


 *  legislation on access and use of database information in different countries


 *  responsibility for the security of data stored in databases from different perspectives, for example, the developer, the user and the management of an organization


 *  accountability for the negative social effects caused by insecure databases


 *  ethical issues related to the collection and use of personal data


 *  ethical issues related to the selling of data stored in databases.

**//Knowledge of technology//**

In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of **databases**, the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts. These may include the following. //Design and creation concepts//


 *  Key terms—field, key field, record, search, query, sort, database management system, mail merge


 *  Flat-file database versus relational database


 *  Paper files versus electronic files


 *  Data redundancy and data integrity


 *  Updating data

//Storage and access concepts//


 *  Data transfer between a database and a spreadsheet


 * <span style="color: #010101; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0mm; margin-left: -6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0mm; padding-left: 0pt;"> Search and the use of the Boolean operators (AND, OR and NOT)


 * <span style="color: #010101; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0mm; margin-left: -6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0mm; padding-left: 0pt;"> Data mining/data matching

//Presentation concepts//


 * <span style="color: #010101; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0mm; margin-left: -6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0mm; padding-left: 0pt;"> Report generation


 * <span style="color: #010101; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0mm; margin-left: -6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0mm; padding-left: 0pt;"> Special-purpose databases, for example, personal information managers, encyclopedias, library systems

In order to study and evaluate the social and ethical issues involved in the use of **spreadsheets**, the student must have an understanding of related technological concepts. These may include the following. //Design and creation concepts//


 * <span style="color: #010101; font-family: Arial; font-size: 11pt; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0mm; margin-left: -6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0mm; padding-left: 0pt;"> Key terms—cell, cell format (number, text, value, function, calculation, date, currency), row, column, label, macro, replicate, template, worksheet, “what if” questions, range, absolute and relative reference


 * <span style="color: #010101; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0mm; margin-left: -6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0mm; padding-left: 0pt;"> Paper files versus electronic files


 * <span style="color: #010101; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0mm; margin-left: -6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0mm; padding-left: 0pt;"> Reliability and integrity of data

//Storage and access concepts//

• Data transfer between a database and a spreadsheet

//Presentation concepts//


 * <span style="color: #010101; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0mm; margin-left: -6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0mm; padding-left: 0pt;"> Select, print and display area of a worksheet


 * <span style="color: #010101; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0mm; margin-left: -6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0mm; padding-left: 0pt;"> Use of the appropriate graph or chart for the meaningful representation of information


 * <span style="color: #010101; font-family: Arial; font-size: 12pt; list-style-type: disc; margin-bottom: 0mm; margin-left: -6pt; margin-right: 0pt; margin-top: 0mm; padding-left: 0pt;"> Special-purpose spreadsheets, for example, inventory, budget